Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

Which volcano type is considered tall and conical with layers of lava flows and other ejecta?

1. Stratovolcanoes

2. Shield volcanoes

3. Cinder cones

4. Lava domes

The correct answer is: Stratovolcanoes

Stratovolcanoes are characterized by their tall, conical shape and are built up by alternating layers of lava flows, ash, and other volcanic debris. This structure results from the explosive eruptions typical of stratovolcanoes, which tend to produce thick, viscous lava that does not flow as far as that of other volcano types. The accumulation of these materials over time creates the steep profiles and layered appearance that define stratovolcanoes. In contrast, shield volcanoes are broad and gentle in slope, formed by the eruption of low-viscosity basaltic lava that can flow over long distances. Cinder cones are smaller and typically only composed of pyroclastic fragments that have fallen around the vent, lacking the layered structure of stratovolcanoes. Lastly, lava domes are formed from the slow accumulation of viscous lava at a single vent, leading to a dome-shaped appearance but not the tall conical shape associated with stratovolcanoes.