Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

Which type of volcano is characterized by a steep, cone-shaped hill made of volcanic ash and cinders?

1. Composite volcano

2. Cinder cone

3. Shield volcano

4. Caldera

The correct answer is: Cinder cone

Cinder cone volcanoes are characterized by their steep, conical shape, which is formed from the accumulation of volcanic ash, cinders, and small volcanic rocks that are ejected during eruptions. These materials are usually ejected explosively from a single vent, resulting in a pile of debris that builds up around the vent, creating the steep sides of the volcano. The eruptions from cinder cones tend to be relatively short-lived and produce a small amount of lava compared to other types of volcanoes, but they can still be quite explosive. Their structure contrasts with other volcano types; for example, composite volcanoes have a more complex structure due to alternating layers of lava flow and other volcanic materials, leading to a taller, broader shape. Shield volcanoes, on the other hand, have gently sloping sides and primarily consist of fluid lava flows, which create their broad profiles. Calderas are large depressions formed when a volcano erupts and collapses, resulting in a different geological feature altogether. In summary, the steep cone shape of cinder cone volcanoes, formed from volcanic ash and cinders, makes them distinct among volcano types.