Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

What term describes the theory that describes the motion of tectonic plates driven by convection currents?

1. Isostasy

2. Plate Tectonics

3. Seismic Activity

4. Geothermal Gradient

The correct answer is: Plate Tectonics

The theory that describes the motion of tectonic plates driven by convection currents is known as Plate Tectonics. This theory explains how the Earth's outer shell, or lithosphere, is divided into several large and small plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. The movement of these plates is driven by the heat from the Earth's interior, which creates convection currents in the mantle. As the mantle material heats up, it becomes less dense and rises, while cooler material sinks. This cyclical process leads to the shifting of tectonic plates, resulting in geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountain ranges. Understanding Plate Tectonics is fundamental to grasping various aspects of Earth’s geology and dynamics, as it provides insights into how the Earth’s surface has evolved over millions of years. The other terms listed refer to different concepts: isostasy relates to the equilibrium of the Earth's crust; seismic activity refers to the occurrences of earthquakes and related phenomena; and geothermal gradient describes the rate of temperature change in the Earth with depth. These concepts are distinct from the overarching theory of Plate Tectonics, which encompasses the understanding of plate motions and interactions.