Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

What is the scientific theory that describes the constant motion of Earth's lithosphere?

1. Plate Tectonics

2. Continental Drift

3. Geologic Time Scale

4. Seafloor Spreading

The correct answer is: Plate Tectonics

The scientific theory that describes the constant motion of Earth's lithosphere is known as Plate Tectonics. This theory explains how the Earth's outer shell—or lithosphere—consists of several large and small tectonic plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere below. These plates move due to the convection currents generated by the heat from Earth's interior, leading to various geological phenomena such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains. Plate Tectonics not only accounts for the movement of these plates but also integrates and explains the mechanisms behind other geological processes, such as continental drift, seafloor spreading, and the formation of various geologic features. This comprehensive theory has revolutionized the understanding of Earth's geological history, revealing how the surface has changed over millions of years through the interactions of these tectonic plates.