Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

What is the process called that involves the transfer of heat between particles through direct contact?

1. Convection

2. Conduction

3. Radiation

4. Insulation

The correct answer is: Conduction

The process that involves the transfer of heat between particles through direct contact is known as conduction. In this process, thermal energy is transferred from one particle to another when they collide or are in close proximity. For example, when you touch a hot metal surface, the heat from the metal is conducted to your skin, resulting in an increase in temperature. This transfer of energy occurs because the faster-moving particles of the hot object collide with the slower-moving particles of your skin, transferring some of their energy. Conduction is most effective in solids, particularly metals, which have closely packed particles that can efficiently transfer kinetic energy. In contrast, convection refers to heat transfer in fluids (liquids and gases) through the movement of the fluid itself, while radiation involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, not requiring direct contact or a medium. Insulation refers to materials that reduce the rate of heat transfer, not a mechanism for transferring heat directly.