Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

What is the primary composition of the outer core?

1. Solid silicate rocks

2. Granite and basalt

3. Iron and nickel

4. Magnesium and calcium

The correct answer is: Iron and nickel

The outer core of the Earth is primarily composed of iron and nickel. This layer exists beneath the mantle and surrounds the inner core. Being in a liquid state, the outer core is crucial for generating the Earth's magnetic field through the dynamo effect, caused by the movement of these metals. The high temperatures present at this depth keep iron and nickel in liquid form, allowing them to move and flow. This movement is essential for creating the magnetic field that protects the planet from solar and cosmic radiation. Understanding the composition of the outer core highlights its significance in Earth's geology and magnetism. Its unique properties distinguish it from the other layers of the Earth.