Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

What geological process is primarily associated with the formation of mid-ocean ridges?

1. Subduction of tectonic plates

2. Divergence of tectonic plates

3. Transformation of sedimentary rocks

4. Compression of continental crust

The correct answer is: Divergence of tectonic plates

The formation of mid-ocean ridges is primarily associated with the divergence of tectonic plates. This geological process occurs when tectonic plates move apart from each other, typically in oceanic regions. As these plates separate, magma from the mantle rises to fill the gap, creating new oceanic crust. This upwelling and solidification of magma leads to the formation of mid-ocean ridges, which are characterized by a central rift valley where the plates are pulling apart. Mid-ocean ridges are significant features of the Earth's geology as they help shape ocean basins and are sites of strong volcanic activity and the formation of new oceanic crust. The continuous movement away from the ridge encourages the recycling of crustal material, playing a key role in the geodynamic processes of the Earth. Each time the plates diverge and new crust forms, it's a vital part of the geological cycle that sustains the planet's surface dynamics.