Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

What does seismic tomography enable scientists to investigate?

1. The surface erosion processes

2. Earth’s atmospheric conditions

3. Dynamic processes in Earth’s interior

4. The origins of sound waves

The correct answer is: Dynamic processes in Earth’s interior

Seismic tomography is a powerful technique used by scientists to create images of the Earth's interior by analyzing seismic waves generated by earthquakes or artificial sources. When seismic waves travel through the Earth, they encounter different materials and structures, which affect their speed and direction. By measuring the travel times and paths of these waves as they pass through various geological formations, scientists can infer the composition and state of the materials they traverse. This method allows researchers to investigate dynamic processes within the Earth's interior, such as the behavior of tectonic plates, the structure of the mantle and core, and even volcanic activity. Utilizing seismic tomography, scientists can observe features like subducting plates, the presence of magma bodies, and variations in temperature and pressure, providing invaluable insight into the Earth’s geological processes. In contrast, the other options relate to different fields of study. Surface erosion processes are analyzed using geological and hydrological techniques rather than seismic waves. Earth's atmospheric conditions are the purview of meteorology and atmospheric science, focusing on factors like temperature, pressure, and humidity. The origins of sound waves pertain to acoustics, a different field that does not involve the subsurface analysis provided by seismic tomography. Therefore, the ability of seismic tomography to illuminate the dynamic processes in Earth’s interior