Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

What describes seismic waves?

1. Vibrations that only travel through air

2. Waves that occur in shallow waters

3. Vibrations that travel through Earth during an earthquake

4. Swells caused by tectonic movements

The correct answer is: Vibrations that travel through Earth during an earthquake

Seismic waves are defined as vibrations that propagate through the Earth's interior and along its surface as a result of energy released during geological events, particularly earthquakes. This movement occurs when the stress on geological materials overcomes their strength, resulting in the sudden release of energy. When this energy is released, it produces seismic waves that travel outwards from the focus of the earthquake. Understanding this concept clarifies why the correct answer accurately captures the essence of seismic waves. They are not limited to air travel and can move through various media, including solid rock, liquid, and gas, showcasing the versatility of seismic waves in different geological contexts. Additionally, while swells can be caused by other geological actions, seismic waves specifically refer to the vibrations resulting from an earthquake, making this option the best description.