What characterizes a transform boundary?

Transform boundaries are characterized primarily by the movement of tectonic plates that slide past each other horizontally. This lateral motion does not create new lithosphere, as is seen at divergent boundaries, nor does it involve the destruction of existing lithosphere, which typically occurs at convergent boundaries where plates collide. Instead, at transform boundaries, the interaction between the plates mainly involves shear stress, leading to geological features such as faults.

These boundaries can produce significant seismic activity due to the friction between the sliding plates, as the stress builds up until it is released in the form of earthquakes. A well-known example of a transform boundary is the San Andreas Fault in California, where the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate slide past one another.

In summary, the key characteristic of a transform boundary is the sliding motion of tectonic plates against each other, which distinguishes it from other types of plate boundaries involved in lithosphere creation or destruction.