Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

What best describes a rift valley?

1. A broad area of elevated land

2. A linear-shaped lowland between highlands

3. A flat expanse of sedimentary rock

4. A mountain range formed by volcanic activity

The correct answer is: A linear-shaped lowland between highlands

A rift valley is best described as a linear-shaped lowland that forms between two higher areas, typically as tectonic plates move apart. This geological feature is created through the process of tectonic divergence, where the crust stretches and thins, leading to the sinking of the land in the center. The result is a long, narrow valley that can extend for hundreds of kilometers. In contrast to other geographic features, a rift valley is distinguished by its specific formation process and structure, often associated with geological activity like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The linear shape is indicative of the way tectonic forces have affected the landscape, leading to a pronounced valley separating surrounding elevated regions. This feature can be seen in locations such as the East African Rift, where the tectonic activity continues to shape the environment.