Science Olympiad Dynamic Planet Practice Test

A volcano that primarily erupts fluid lava is likely which type?

1. Composite volcano

2. Cinder cone

3. Shield volcano

4. Dormant volcano

The correct answer is: Shield volcano

A volcano that primarily erupts fluid lava is likely to be classified as a shield volcano. Shield volcanoes are characterized by their broad, gently sloping sides, which are formed by the eruption of low-viscosity lava that can flow over great distances. This type of lava is typically basaltic, allowing it to be quite fluid compared to the thicker lavas associated with other types of volcanoes. The fluid nature of the lava leads to the formation of wide, shield-like structures, hence the name. These volcanoes usually produce non-explosive eruptions, allowing for the gradual accumulation of layers of lava flows that contribute to their overall shape. Iconic examples of shield volcanoes include Kilauea and Mauna Loa in Hawaii. In contrast, composite volcanoes typically erupt more viscous lava, which can create explosive eruptions and steeper profiles with alternating layers of lava and ash. Cinder cone volcanoes are often smaller and are formed from the accumulation of volcanic debris rather than fluid lava flows. Dormant volcanoes refer to those that have not erupted for a significant period but could potentially erupt again, and they can be made up of various types of materials, not exclusively fluid lava. Therefore, the fluid nature of the lava